《中国的民主》白皮书重要语汇汉英对照（四）

12月4日，国务院新闻办公室发表《中国的民主》白皮书。该书全面总结中国的民主发展取得的显著成就，深入阐释全过程人民民主的价值理念、制度程序、参与实践和世界意义。当代中国与世界研究院、中国翻译研究院梳理了致辞中的重要概念表述和特色用语，选摘审定英文表达，形成汉英对照，供业界及相关人员参考使用。

三、具有具体现实的民主实践

III. Concrete and Pragmatic Practices

全过程人民民主，把选举民主与协商民主结合起来，把民主选举、民主协商、民主决策、民主管理、民主监督贯通起来，涵盖经济、政治、文化、社会、生态文明等各个方面，关注国家发展大事、社会治理难事、百姓日常琐事。

China's whole-process people's democracy is a combination of electoral democracy and consultative democracy, and is applied through a combination of elections, consultations, decision-making, management and oversight. It covers the economic, political, cultural, social, eco-environmental and other fields, with a focus on national development, social governance and people's lives.

（一）民主选举

Democratic Election

1．中国的民主选举是符合中国国情的，是与中国的发展阶段相适应的，是随着经济社会发展与时俱进的。

China's democratic elections are adapted to the country's national conditions and stage of socio-economic development.

（二）民主协商

Democratic Consultation

2．有事好商量，众人的事情由众人商量，找到全社会意愿和要求的最大公约数，是人民民主的真谛。

Whenever a problem occurs, those concerned should always hold deliberations in good faith. Matters involving many people are discussed by all those involved; to reach the greatest common ground based on the wishes and needs of the whole of society is the essence of people's democracy.

3．协商民主源自中华民族长期形成的天下为公、兼容并蓄、求同存异等优秀政治文化。

Democratic consultation derives from the best of traditional Chinese culture, including such ideas as aspiring for the common good, mutual understanding and inclusiveness, and seeking common ground while setting aside differences.

4．提案、会议、座谈、论证、听证、评估、咨询、网络、民意调查

proposals, conferences, discussions, seminars, hearings, assessments, consultations, the internet, and opinion polls

5．政党协商、人大协商、政府协商、政协协商、人民团体协商、基层协商、社会组织协商

consultations carried out by political parties, people's congresses, government departments, CPPCC committees, people's organizations, social organizations, and communities

（三）民主决策

Democratic Decision-Making

6．在中国，察民情、听民声、顺民意，群策群力、集思广益成为常态，越来越多来自基层的声音直达各级决策层，越来越多的群众意见转化为党和政府的重大决策。

In China, the standard practice is to hear people's voices, act on their needs, and pool their ideas and strength. More and more ideas and suggestions of the general public are flowing directly to decision-makers at all levels, and they are increasingly reflected in the major decisions of the Party and the government.

7．人大“开门立法”

open-door legislation by the NPC

8．政府“开门问策”

transparent decision-making by the government

9．广大群众参与基层决策

grassroots decision-making

（四）民主管理

Democratic Management

10．人民的事人民管，人民的事人民办。

In China, the people manage their own affairs.

11．在中国，广大人民弘扬主人翁精神，发挥主体作用，积极行使民主权利，通过各种途径和形式，管理国家事务，管理经济和文化事业，管理社会事务。

They are the masters of the country and exercise their democratic rights accordingly, managing affairs of the state, the economy, culture, and society through various channels and in many forms.

12．参与国家政治生活和社会生活的管理

participation in the management of political and social life

13．城乡社区民主管理

democratic management of urban and rural communities

14．企事业单位民主管理

democratic management of enterprises and public institutions

15．社会组织民主管理

democratic management of social organizations

（五）民主监督

Democratic Oversight

16．全面有效的民主监督，保证人民的民主权利不因选举结束而中断，保证权力运用得到有效制约。

Comprehensive and effective democratic oversight enables the people to continue to exercise their democratic rights after elections, and ensures that there is an effective check on the exercise of power.

17．人大监督

supervision by people's congresses

18．民主监督

supervision by non-CPC political parties

19．行政监督

administrative supervision

20．监察监督

oversight by supervisory commissions

21．司法监督

judicial supervision

22．审计监督

auditing supervision

23．财会监督

fiscal and accounting supervision

24．统计监督

statistical supervision

25．群众监督

public supervision

26．舆论监督

supervision by public opinion