《中国的民主》白皮书重要语汇汉英对照（三）

12月4日，国务院新闻办公室发表《中国的民主》白皮书。该书全面总结中国的民主发展取得的显著成就，深入阐释全过程人民民主的价值理念、制度程序、参与实践和世界意义。当代中国与世界研究院、中国翻译研究院梳理了致辞中的重要概念表述和特色用语，选摘审定英文表达，形成汉英对照，供业界及相关人员参考使用。

二、具有科学有效的制度安排

II. A Sound Institutional Framework

国家各项制度都是围绕人民当家作主构建的，国家治理体系都是围绕实现人民当家作主运转的。

The people's status as masters of the country is the bedrock of all the systems of the country, and underlies the operation of all the systems for state governance.

（一）实行人民民主专政的国体

The Governing System of the People's Democratic Dictatorship

1．中国是工人阶级领导的、以工农联盟为基础的人民民主专政的社会主义国家。

The Constitution describes China as a socialist country governed by a people's democratic dictatorship that is led by the working class and based on an alliance of workers and peasants.

2．人民民主专政，体现中国的国家根本性质。

The fundamental nature of the state is defined by the people's democratic dictatorship.

3．始终坚持人民民主专政中的“民主”，坚持国家的一切权力属于人民，保证人民依照宪法和法律规定，通过各种途径和形式，管理国家事务，管理经济和文化事业，管理社会事务。

All power of the state belongs to the people to ensure that they administer state affairs and manage economic and cultural undertakings and social affairs through various channels and in various ways in accordance with the Constitution and laws.

4．始终坚持人民民主专政中的“专政”，充分履行国家政权的专政职能，依法打击破坏社会主义制度、颠覆国家政权、危害国家安全和公共安全等各种犯罪行为，维护法律尊严和法律秩序，保护国家和人民利益。

China takes resolute action against any attempt to subvert the country's political power or endanger public or state security, to uphold the dignity and order of law and safeguard the interests of the people and the state.

5．民主和专政不是矛盾的，都是为了保证人民当家作主。

Democracy and dictatorship appear to be a contradiction in terms, but together they ensure the people's status as masters of the country.

6．打击极少数是为了保护大多数，实行专政是为了实现民主。

A tiny minority is sanctioned in the interests of the great majority, and "dictatorship" serves democracy.

（二）实行人民代表大会制度的政体

The Governing Structure of the System of People's Congresses

7．人民代表大会制度，是适应人民民主专政国体的政权组织形式，是中国的根本政治制度，是中国人民当家作主的根本途径和最高实现形式，是实现全过程人民民主的重要制度载体。

The system of people's congresses, an organizational form of political power compatible with the governing system of the people's democratic dictatorship, is China's fundamental political system, and the ultimate approach and optimal solution to guaranteeing the people's status as masters of the country.

8．人民通过人民代表大会有效行使国家权力。

The people exercise state power effectively through people's congresses.

9．人民代表大会制度，为中国共产党领导人民有效治理国家提供了重要制度保障。

The system of people's congresses has provided institutional guarantee for the CPC to lead the people in effectively running the country.

10．人民代表大会制度是符合中国国情和实际、体现社会主义国家性质、保证人民当家作主、保障实现中华民族伟大复兴的好制度。

The system of people's congresses is the optimal choice, in accord with China's national conditions and realities. It embodies the socialist nature of the state and guarantees the people's principal position and national rejuvenation.

（三）坚持和完善中国共产党领导的多党合作和政治协商制度

The System of Multiparty Cooperation and Political Consultation Under CPC Leadership

11．长期共存、互相监督、肝胆相照、荣辱与共

long-term coexistence, mutual oversight, sincerity, and sharing the rough times and the smooth

12．会议协商、约谈协商、书面协商

forums, talks, and written and other forms of consultation

13．中国共产党领导的多党合作和政治协商制度，真实、广泛、持久代表和实现最广大人民根本利益、全国各族各界根本利益，有效避免了旧式政党制度代表少数人、少数利益集团的弊端；把各个政党和无党派人士紧密团结起来、为着共同目标而奋斗，有效避免了一党缺乏监督或者多党轮流坐庄、恶性竞争的弊端；通过制度化、程序化、规范化的安排集中各种意见和建议、推动决策科学化民主化，有效避免了旧式政党制度囿于党派利益、阶级利益、区域和集团利益决策施政导致社会撕裂的弊端。

The system of multiparty cooperation and political consultation under the leadership of the CPC is an extensive and reliable means of representing and fulfilling the interests of the maximum number of people of all ethnic groups and social sectors. It avoids the drawbacks of the old political party system that stood for only a small number of people and interest groups. It unites all political parties and the non-affiliates towards a common goal, effectively mitigating the risks of inadequate oversight in one-party rule, and the problems of continual transfers of governing parties and destructive competition in multiparty political systems. Through standardized institutional procedures and arrangements, it pools ideas and suggestions to ensure informed and democratic decision-making. It avoids the weakness of Western-style political party systems: When making decisions and exercising governance, political parties act in their own interests or the interests of the classes, regions and groups they represent, provoking division in society.

（四）巩固和发展最广泛的爱国统一战线

Broad Patriotic United Front

14．统一战线是中国共产党凝聚人心、汇集力量的重要法宝。

The united front is an important structure through which the CPC earns popular support and pools strengths.

15．在人民民主实践中，中国共产党始终把统一战线摆在重要位置，坚持大团结大联合，坚持一致性和多样性相统一，统筹做好民主党派和无党派人士工作、党外知识分子工作、民族工作、宗教工作、非公有制经济领域统战工作、新的社会阶层人士统战工作、港澳台统战工作、海外统一战线工作和侨务工作，团结一切可以团结的力量、调动一切可以调动的积极因素，广泛凝聚共识，寻求最大公约数、画出最大同心圆，不断促进政党关系、民族关系、宗教关系、阶层关系、海内外同胞关系和谐，最大限度凝聚起中华民族一切智慧和力量。

In practicing people's democracy, the Party has always placed the united front in an important position, striving to achieve great unity and solidarity and balance commonality and diversity. The Party has made coordinated efforts to unite the other political parties, the non-affiliates, intellectuals who are not CPC members, members of ethnic minorities and religious groups, people working in non-public sectors, people belonging to new social groups, compatriots in Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan, and overseas Chinese and returned Chinese nationals. It has combined all the forces that can be united and mobilized all positive factors to build a broad consensus, expand common ground, and achieve convergence of interests. In order to pool the wisdom and strength of the Chinese nation to the full, it has systematically promoted harmonious relations between political parties, between ethnic groups, between religions, between social groups and between Chinese people at home and overseas.

（五）坚持和完善民族区域自治制度

The System of Regional Ethnic Autonomy

16．民族区域自治制度，是指在国家统一领导下，各少数民族聚居的地方实行区域自治，设立自治机关，行使自治权的制度。

The system of regional ethnic autonomy means that areas with large ethnic minority populations can practice regional autonomy, establish autonomous organs, and exercise the power of self-government under the unified leadership of the state.

17．中国实行民族区域自治，以领土完整、国家统一为前提和基础，体现了统一与自治的结合、民族因素与区域因素的结合，完全符合中国国情和实际。

Territorial integrity and national unification are preconditions and foundations for regional ethnic autonomy, which combines unification with autonomy and ethnic factors with regional factors, and are thoroughly suited to China's realities.

18．实行民族区域自治，从制度和政策层面保障了少数民族公民享有平等自由权利以及经济、社会、文化权利。

Regional ethnic autonomy provides institutional and policy guarantees to ensure that ethnic minority citizens enjoy rights to equality and freedom, and to economic, social and cultural services.

19．民族区域自治制度，极大增强了各族人民当家作主的自豪感责任感，极大调动了各族人民共创中华民族美好未来、共享中华民族伟大荣光的积极性主动性创造性。

The system of regional ethnic autonomy has greatly increased the sense of pride and responsibility of people of all ethnic groups and stimulated their enthusiasm, initiative and creativity in jointly steering the course to a bright future.

（六）坚持和完善基层群众自治制度

The System of Community-Level Self-Governance

20．中国实行以村民自治制度、居民自治制度和职工代表大会制度为主要内容的基层群众自治制度，人民群众在基层党组织的领导和支持下，依法直接行使民主权利，实现自我管理、自我服务、自我教育、自我监督，有效防止了人民形式上有权、实际上无权的现象。

China applies a system of community-level self-governance represented by villagers autonomy, urban residents autonomy, and employees congresses. Under the leadership and support of community-level Party organizations, local residents directly exercise the democratic right to manage their own affairs by serving the community, undertaking self-education, and exercising public scrutiny. This effectively ensures that the people's rights are genuinely respected.

21．村（居）民议事会、村（居）民论坛、民主恳谈会、民主听证会

residents councils, residents workshops, democratic discussions and hearings, courtyard discussions, neighborhood meetings, offline roundtables and online group chats

22．基层治理共同体

a grassroots governance system